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金魚草的繁殖方法
金魚(yu)草(cao)是(shi)車前科、金魚(yu)草(cao)屬植(zhi)物。多年生直立草(cao)本,莖(jing)基(ji)部(bu)有時(shi)木質化(hua),高可(ke)達80厘米。莖(jing)基(ji)部(bu)無毛,中上部(bu)被(bei)(bei)腺毛,基(ji)部(bu)有時(shi)分(fen)枝。葉下部(bu)的對生。總狀(zhuang)花序頂生,密被(bei)(bei)腺毛;花梗(geng)長(chang)5-7毫米;花萼與花梗(geng)近(jin)等長(chang),5深(shen)裂,裂片(pian)卵形(xing),鈍或急尖;雄蕊(rui)4枚,2強。蒴果卵形(xing),長(chang)約15毫米,基(ji)部(bu)強烈向前延伸,被(bei)(bei)腺毛,頂端孔裂。
種子繁殖
為延長(chang)花(hua)期,可春夏(xia)秋(qiu)三季分(fen)期播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前,用(yong)0.5%高錳(meng)酸鉀溶液浸泡種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)1-2小(xiao)時(shi),以殺滅(mie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)表面(mian)病原菌。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基質用(yong)經消毒的腐殖(zhi)質土或泥炭(tan)土。金魚草(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)細(xi)(xi)小(xiao),為確(que)保撒播(bo)(bo)均勻(yun),播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)可用(yong)細(xi)(xi)砂混(hun)勻(yun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)后(hou)撒播(bo)(bo)。因金魚草(cao)喜光(guang),播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)不(bu)需覆土或只(zhi)需覆過(guo)篩細(xi)(xi)土2-3毫米,澆(jiao)水時(shi)注(zhu)意(yi)防(fang)止沖散(san)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)。15-20℃條件下,1周(zhou)左右發芽。苗床上要遮蔭防(fang)雨,1周(zhou)后(hou)撤去(qu)遮蔭物,4-6片真葉(xie)時(shi)摘心并移(yi)植分(fen)栽(zai)。
扦插繁殖
種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)量(liang)不足或(huo)對(dui)于一些(xie)不易結實的優良(liang)品種(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)重瓣(ban)品種(zhong)(zhong)可用進(jin)行扦(qian)插(cha)繁殖。扦(qian)插(cha)育苗(miao)要在(zai)花謝(xie)后(hou)進(jin)行,選擇(ze)健(jian)壯的植株(zhu),修剪后(hou)保(bao)留(liu)2-3厘(li)(li)米(mi)主莖(jing),施用氮肥(fei),待發芽后(hou),將具4片真葉的嫩頭摘(zhai)下,即可作為插(cha)穗,以(yi)(yi)沙壤土(tu)和草木灰以(yi)(yi)2∶1混勻后(hou)作為扦(qian)插(cha)基質,插(cha)入深度為2-3厘(li)(li)米(mi),用噴壺(hu)灑水(shui)霧使(shi)基質保(bao)持濕潤,陰(yin)天可不澆水(shui),并置于陰(yin)涼處,15-20℃條(tiao)件下,7-10天可生根,當(dang)根長約3厘(li)(li)米(mi),苗(miao)恢復(fu)生長后(hou)即可移(yi)栽或(huo)上盆。苗(miao)高10厘(li)(li)米(mi)時,掐尖促生側芽,使(shi)多開花。定(ding)植前5天通大風降溫以(yi)(yi)煉苗(miao)。